Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Civilization Of Mesopotamia Civilization - 996 Words

Mesopotamia Civilization Mesopotamia is one of the oldest civilization in the history. Contrary to other unified civilization like Greece or Egypt, Mesopotamia civilization was a collection of different cultures and the scripts bore their bonds. This included their attitudes towards women as well as their gods. The laws, customs and the language of Akkad, for instance did not correspond to that of the Babylonians (Oppenheim, 2013). However, Pantheon of gods, rights of women and importance of literacy were shared in the entire region. depending on the periods and regions, the gods were given different names. Therefore, many empires and civilizations were as a result of Mesopotamia civilization. it is usually regarded as the cradle of†¦show more content†¦The Mesopotamians believed that the land possessed by demons and spirits and that they were co-workers with the gods. According to them, they believed that the beginning of the world was due to the victory of the gods over the forces of nature and t hat also the gods had won, this did not mean that the chaos could not come back again. The citizens of the land were expected to honor the elders and the gods in their day-to-day activities. Work was meant for both men and women of the land. Keeping of livestock and growing of crops were the main occupation in Mesopotamia. Women seemed to enjoy equal rights since they could own land, file for divorce, make contacts in trade and own their own businesses. It is to be noted that the healers and the brewers of wine and beer were initially women. The work that one did was considered as their contribution to the community and to the gods other than being considered as an occupation or a job. A temple was built at the centre of every city. Every community that the city presided over was required to worship the deity. The cities became the first in the world and were built of sub-dried bricks. There stones which could be quarried in the land but the decided to use bricks in their architectural works. There were also plenty of other natural resources such as timber. All their buildings including the pyramids and the temple complexes were built using the sun-dried bricks. Before the construction of anyShow MoreRelatedAncient Civilizations Of Mesopotamia And Mesopotamia1851 Words   |  8 Pages Sumerian (3500-2300BC)Babylonian (1792-1750 BC) both belong to civilizations of Mesopotamia, but they existed different period. The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia are the source of the earliest surviving art; these civilizations were situated between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers. Dating back to 3500 B.C.E., Mesopotamian art was intended to serve as a way to glorify powerful rulers and their connection to divinity. Art was made from natural resources such as stone, shells, alabasterRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Early Civilizations Of Mesopotamia1042 Words   |  5 Pagesshown in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia are still evident in today’s world because without these basic standards set by the people of Mesopotamia, civilization could never have grown or had a reference point for the basic building blocks of society. Mesopotamia was able to grow through the development of technology, trade, stable political and military systems, and a class system that co ntributed to society . Mesopotamia’s way of life influenced many other civilizations such as the ones inRead MoreThe Rise Of Civilizations On Egypt And Mesopotamia1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia occurred around the same time and the environment and natural forces affected the similarities and differences in social, political, and economic stability. There were many similarities and differences between both of these countries as well. In both cases, it was the river valley and geography that affected the agriculture, religious views, and government structures. The Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization developed in the Middle East and wereRead MoreMesopotamia And Its Impact On Ancient Civilization994 Words   |  4 PagesMesopotamia, or â€Å"land between the rivers† as the name translates to in Greek, is exactly as it states; in the region of southwestern Asia, the land itself is named for it s initial position between th e Tigris and Euphrates rivers. However, Mesopotamia can be defined as having a reach into what is now Syria, Turkey and most of Iraq (History of Mesopotamia, 2016). This ancient civilization houses one of the earliest cities throughout human history, appearing around 3500 BC, though human settlementRead MoreComparison of Mesopotamia and the Indus Civilization2695 Words   |  11 PagesMesopotamia and Harappan societies have long been compared throughout the history of archaeology. Mesopotamia, also known as, the land between the rivers, was named for the triangular area between the Tigris and the Euphrates river, (Nov. 7 lecture). In recent use, it covers a broader area referring to most of what is now Iraq. This adds ancient Assyria and Babylonia to the scope of Mesopotamia (Schultz and Lavenda 1995:310). Parts of Mesopotamia were not inhabited at all until approximately 8000Read MoreAncient Mesopotamia And Ancient Civilizations896 Words   |  4 Pagesancient civilizations, huma ns have held a belief in superior beings to which they called gods. The gods, in the eyes of many of the ancient people, were responsible for many things such as crop growth, storms, fertility, and even creation of life. The Mesopotamians, Egyptians, and the Hebrews all had gods that they interacted with. Understanding the likenesses and differences in how these people interacted with their gods might give us an insight to how similar or different the three civilizations wereRead MoreComparing The Nile, Mesopotamia, And Indus Civilizations1475 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Nile, Mesopotamia, and Indus Civilizations The civilizations of the Nile River valley, the Mesopotamia valley, and Indus Valley marked human progress toward fixed settlements and the development of a rich culture. These civilizations shared many characteristics that contributed to their success. What made these civilizations unique were the contributions that each one gave to the world. They contributed their own ideas and accomplishments in the areas of religion, science, and mathematicsRead MoreMesopotamian Civilization : Mesopotamia The Land Of Rivers3727 Words   |  15 PagesPastimes Mesopotamia—the land of rivers. Encompassed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Ancient Mesopotamian civilization spanned thousands of years and has a deep and rich history. As a result, the culture is widely considered to be the cradle or birthplace of Western Society. Although most of the perception of their history is derived from famous texts and literary stories, there is also an equally important aspect of life in examining the everyday artifacts that civilization has left behindRead MoreEssay on Egypt, Mesopotamia and Ancient Greek Civilizations1810 Words   |  8 PagesMichael Jones 10/5/2012 Cabrera Egypt, Mesopotamia and Ancient Greek Civilizations The Ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamia, and Greeks were some of the oldest complex societies, although similar in many aspects. Mesopotamia is located in the Fertile Crescent, land in and between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers usually known as modern day Iraq and Eastern Syria.(24) In Egypt, the Nile River creates a fertile valley which is rich in nutrients and essential to their survival. The Nile flows fromRead MoreReasons Why Mesopotamia Should be Considered a Civilization Essay868 Words   |  4 Pages Mesopotamia- the land between the rivers- was a region of land in the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that has been dubbed as the â€Å"cradle of civilization.† But why does Mesopotamia get the title of a civilization? From the invention of the wheel to the invention of writing, Mesopotamia is responsible for many firsts in human history. As people began to settle down permanently, due to a decrease in the need for farmers, people began to spec ialize in occupations. The more

Monday, December 16, 2019

America s Founding Ideas - September Term - 1378 Words

Joanne Geloso America’s Founding Ideas – January Term First Paper Assignment One of the reasons the American Revolution is considered the greatest experiment in liberty and democracy is due in part to the political and philosophical ideology produced as a result of the Enlightenment period. These ideas combined with the geographical location of the colonies, separating them from England by a vast ocean, were felt to have created the ideal opportunity for the colonies to declare their autonomy. While this in fact was true, I believe the road to independence was multi-faceted and along with the political thinking of the time period there were a series of events that led up to the drafting, and ultimately the signing, of the Declaration of Independence. The principles of liberty as well as property had long since been established when the monarchy began to recognize the Magna Carta from centuries prior. Through time, both tacit and explicit customs generated certain societal norms that established feelings such as â€Å"the rights of Englishmen† of which the American colonists felt was part of their heritage (McDonald). As the colonies were ruled by England they thought of themselves as Englishmen, and the concept of liberty in both America and England were similar by virtue of Common Law, recognized by the colonists. Although America was very similar to England, it began to really feel its independence through the unfolding of certain events over time. Prior to theShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln Views on Slavery1608 Words   |  7 PagesLincoln admitted in his speeches that he knew slavery was wrong, but the steps that had to be taken to deal with slavery were never concrete in his mind. Based on Lincoln’s upbringing, political support and knowledge of the nation, he had many different ideas on how to deal with the issue of slavery during his political career. When Lincoln was a young boy, some of his family who lived in Kentucky owned slaves, but his parents were always against becoming slave owners. In the church they belonged to,Read MoreHow Presidents of the United States Overstep their Bounds and Defy the Constitution1642 Words   |  7 Pages1787, are not many, as the constitution elaborated more on the powers of congress than any other branch. However, it did mention some; in Article 2, Section 2 of the Constitution it states that the president can hold executive power for a four-year term and one reelection. Section 2 also states â€Å"the president shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States†¦He shall have Power, by and with the Advice of Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, appoint Ambassadors, other publicRead MoreWho Is Thomas Jefferson?993 Words   |  4 Pagesloving father and grandfather. Thomas Jefferson was also an inventor and one of the most significant men in the history of making A merica who we are today. One of our founding fathers and our third president, Thomas Jefferson was a very well-known man. He was born on April 13th, 1743 in a small town called Shadwell in Virginia. He was born at his father s tobacco plantation on the Rivanna River, which flows through a gap in a small range called the Southwest Mountains. In 1760 when JeffersonRead MoreFrederick Jackson Turner S Frontier Thesis1157 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Jackson Turner`s Frontier Thesis Frederick Jackson Turner was one of the most important theorists, North American historian, and author of Frontier Thesis. The Frontier Thesis postulated the centrality of expansion of western frontiers in the formation of American nationality and political consolidation of democracy in this nation, leaving a factual political history and introducing an interpretation grounded in economic and social factors. According to Turner, until the end of the nineteenthRead MoreA New Light On Immigration1410 Words   |  6 Pagesreform. Bilbray on the other hand is more convincing in his idea of â€Å"amnesty† . He claims it is the unclear attitude of congress that has created the allusion illegal immigration is acceptable. Like Morones, he too agrees that current border circumstances are dangerous, as of August â€Å"the murder of 72 illegal immigrants who were seeking passage to the U.S. â€Å" and on December 15 â€Å"the murder of Border Patrol Agent Brian Terry.† making clear of the idea becoming a threat for those migrants and the protectionRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1044 Words   |  5 Pagesopposed the spread of slavery to the territories. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster were also on Lincoln s side. Lincoln taught himself law, and passed the bar examination in 1836. He moved to Springfield the following year. He was named known as Honest Abe when he was worki ng as a lawyer. He served all kinds of clients from small towns to rail road lines. He met Mary Todd, who became Lincoln s wife in 1842. In the 1850s the railroad industry was moving west. Illinois was becoming a majorRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : A Man Of Courage1459 Words   |  6 PagesLincoln got an idea of how the government system worked and applied his knowledge to help the citizens of Illinois. Lincoln agreed not to run a second term in congress, due to his opposition to the Mexican-American war was unpopular among Illinois voters. Lincoln then returned to Springfield and continued his law practice. He soon advanced from practicing law and became a leader in the building of the new Republican Party. Lincoln now had a sense of leadership and strived to make America a better nationRead MoreAflac Inc. ‚Äà ¬ Reward and Performance Practices1439 Words   |  6 Pagescorporate culture that has been devoted to keeping its employees well cared for on an ongoing basis. With more than 4500 employees in the US, Aflac have consistently been recognized as one of the best and most ethical companies to work for in corporate America. Aflac’s reward structure is considered a performance base structure that focuses on recognizing and rewarding their employees. Rewards are given based off of individual performances, team performances, and organizational performances. The incentivesRead MoreBenjamin Franklin Creative Writing Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pages Nagasai niraj Mr.Pierce Period: 11 17 October 2017 U.s. History 1 It was on September 2, 1716, that Benjamin Franklin had found me.As Franklin had told me later that the day he found me was the day his schooling ended. The reason being that franklin s dad Josiah wanted Benjamin to attend school with the clergy, but only had enough money to send him to school for two years. He attended Boston Latin school but didRead MoreThe System Of Checks And Balances Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesargue that the executive branch(President) is the most important branch and there are flaws in the system of checks and balances. Estevan Rodriguez Political Science 101 Term Paper Since 1776, we as Americans base our government, Our nation, our politics and our people off of a document written by the American Founding fathers, the United Sates Constitution. The US constitution is the Sepreme Law of the United states and in this constitution is the doctrine of seperation of powers. Separations

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Negligence for the Search for Coherence †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNegligence for the Search for Coherence. Answer: Introduction: In the present case, the claimant will be Ruth, who wants to bring your claiming negligence against Keith. Therefore Keith will be the defendant in this case. Ruth was to bring action in negligence for claiming damages for injuries suffered by her as a result of the negligence of Keith when he had used a piece of leftover untreated chipboard instead of using hardwood for replacing the rotten timber trade on the back stairs of Ruth. In this case, Ruth will be required to establish in court that the actions of Keith fell below the standard of reasonable care that needs to be applied in this case. Therefore the relevant standard of proof will be to establish that Keith was negligent because any reasonable person would have used hardwood for this purpose. Analysis: The present case can be decided on the basis of the principles related with negligence. In this context, negligence can be described as the action of a person, where such person has a duty of care towards the other, and as a result of which, injury or loss has been caused to the other person. At the same time, the provisions of Civil Liability Act can be used for the purpose of designing the negligence of a person and the liability of such a person due to the negligent acts of the person. Therefore when a person sues the other person under negligence, that person was financial compensation for the damage suffered by it. In such a case, the person wants to be put in the same place, where it would have been if the other person would not have committed negligence. In order to decide if a person can be held liable for negligence, there are four questions that need to be satisfied. Therefore, it has to be seen if the defendant was having a duty of care towards the plaintiff; if this duty of care has been released by the defendant; if any injury or loss has been caused to the plaintiff as a result of such breach and if the injury was the direct result of such breach of duty of care. It needs to be noted that all the above-mentioned factors should be satisfied in order to hold the person liable under negligence. On the other hand, if even one of these factors is not satisfied, the plaintiff could not succeed and it cannot be established that the defendant was liable in negligence (Kujinga, 2009). In this context, the duty of care can be described as the legal obligation which requires the defendant to cause harm. The duty arises when it is reasonably foreseeable that harm will be caused to the other person if reasonable care is not exercised. At t he same time, the law requires that sufficient proximity should be present between the two parties for the purpose of the establishment of a duty of care (Deakin, Johnston and Markesinis, 2003). For example, such duty of care is present in case of a relationship between doctor and patient and the relationship that exists between drivers of motor vehicles and other persons present on the road. According to the civil liability, certain qualifications have been imposed on the duty of care. Like good Samaritans and donors of food. The law provides that the persons who are acting in case of an emergency and without any expectation of money or the persons who are providing food for charity are generally exempted from liability, provided they have not acted negligently (Tomasic, Bottomley and McQueen, 2002). When the breach of duty of care takes place: For the purpose of arriving at the conclusion that there has been a breach of duty of care by the defendant, first of all, the court will consider the standard of care that will be applicable. In this regard, for the purpose of deciding the relevant standard of care, it has to be seen what would be done by any reasonable person under in the circumstances were the same. Therefore, when it can be said that the actions of the defendant would not reasonable or, if the actions of the defendant fell below the standard that can be applied under the circumstances, it can be said that the duty of care has increased by such a defendant. In order to claim that there has been a breach of duty of care, it has to be established that the person was aware or should have been aware of the risk (Gardiner and McGlone, 1998). This requirement is also known as the reasonable foreseeability. Another requirement is that the reason should not be insignificant, an d any other reasonable person in the position of the defendant would have taken precautions against causing harm as a result of such risk. The requirement that the risk should not be insignificant is one of the amendments that have been introduced by the Civil Liability Act. As a result of these changes, the bar has been raised. That is required from any other reasonable person before they were required to act (McDonald, 2005). Consequently, while the harm suffered by the claimant should be reasonably foreseeable, it is also required that this should not be insignificant (Hepple, 1997). However in this case, these standards are not clear and therefore the decision has to be made by the court on case-by-case basis. Apart from it, the precautions that can be considered as reasonable by the court will also vary depending on the circumstances of the case. Therefore the consideration that any of the reasonable man would have made while determining if precautions need to be taken against a risk have been mentioned in the statute. The likely seriousness of the harm also needs to be considered as well as the burden involved in taking precautions for avoiding such risk and the potential benefit of activity due to which other persons were exposed to such risk. Reasonable foreseeability: While deciding if the person was aware of, or should have been aware of the risk, the court can apply the principles stated in Donahue v Stevenson (1932). In this case, the remains of a snail were found in a bottle of ginger beer. This case highlights the significance of the foreseeability of injury or loss that has been caused to the plaintiff as a result of the conduct of the defendant or the lack of action. It is required under the civil liability at that. The negligence should be a necessary condition of the harm. Similarly the harm suffered by the claimant should fall within the scope of the liability of the defendant. For this purpose, it is required that the connection should exist between the alleged negligence and the harm that has been suffered by the claimant. However, this is a question of fact. Therefore, a popular articulation of causation provides that "but for the actions of the defendant, the harm suffered by the plaintiff would not have taken place". This is also known as the 'but-for' test. But this test has been re-worded by the Civil Liability Act and it has been mentioned that the cause is a necessary element required for the harm to have taken place. The law asked the question in this regard, if the foreseeability was appropriate to extend the scope of liability of the person who has breached the duty to the harm suffered as a result of it. In this regard, the law takes into account the policy issues that may be present. Therefore it has to be considered if there is any reason to which the defendant should not be held liable. An example in this regard can be given of the case titled Commonwealth v Verwayen [1990] HCA 39, where it was held that the Commonwealth had breached its duty of care. When due to negligence, a ship sank. In this case, although the Commonwealth was held responsible for the accident, but the plaintiff brought action for lung and liver cancer, which was the result of having smoking and drinking by the plaintiff that started after he underwent the accident. Earlier the courts have discussed this issue in context of remoteness and proximity. The other relevant factor in this regard is that of 'an intervening cause'. Under the Civil Liability Act, this issue is considered in context of policy reasons. Hence it is seen if it would be inappropriate to consider one party liable for all the consequences of a particularly event when there are intervening factors present like the own choice of a person. In such a case it is also required that the risk should not be insignificant. In most of the cases, the breach of duty is self-evident. Another requirement has been introduced by the Civil Liability Act according to which the standard that is applicable while discovering a breach of duty is that there is should not be an insignificant risk. However, it is not clear how much a not insignificant risk goes beyond the requirement of reasonable foreseeability. And this question has to be decided on the basis of the facts of each case. Apologies: According to the law, an apology that has been made by a person regarding any matter that has been alleged to be caused by the person does not amount to express or implied admission of liability by such a person regarding that matter. Similarly, the apology is not relevant for the purpose of deciding the liability of the person regarding such a matter. Therefore, in any civil proceedings, the evidence of apology cannot be provided as the evidence of the liability of the person. In this regard, apology can be described as an expression of regret or sympathy or a general sense of benevolence related with any matter, whether or not there is an admission of fault in the apology. Another issue that is present in this case is related with contributory negligence. It can be said that the plaintiff had contributed a negligence when it is found that the injured person has also contributed to the injury or the loss suffered by it. Therefore, when the plaintiff failed to exercise reasonable care regarding their own safety, it can be said that the plaintiff has also contributed in negligence. In such a case, the amount of damages that may be claimed by the plaintiff will be refused in accordance with the extent to which the plaintiff is found to be contributed to the loss. Some of the examples of contributory negligence include a fall or a slip taking place due to the failure of the injured person in keeping a lookout regarding their own safety when it was reasonable for them to do so. Similarly, while involving in a high-risk activity, it can be said that the plaintiff had contributed in negligence. Conclusion: On the basis of the above-mentioned discussion and after going through the principles related with the law of negligence, it can be said that in the present case, Keith was liable in negligence for injuries suffered by Ruth. The reason is that in the present case, Ruth had advertised that he was a qualified carpenter, but in reality he did not have any trade qualifications. The result was that when Ruth asked Keith to replace a rotting timber tread on her stairs, instead of using hardwood, Keith used leftover undulating chipboard. The result was the after many nights of heavy rain, the replaced tread swelled and eventually it collapsed completely during the night. When Ruth was walking down the back stairs, early-morning, she failed to notice that the tread was missing. This was due to the reason that she was carrying many feeding dishes, and cleaning equipment there for her vision was obscured. As a result, she fell on the stairs. In this case, it is the negligence of Ke ith due to which Ruth had suffered these injuries. However, the apology made by Keith cannot be considered as an admission of his fault. Similarly, it can also result in this case that Ruth had also contributed in the injuries suffered by her. On these grounds, it can be concluded in the present case, the Ruth can claim compensation from Keith but the amount of compensation will be reduced, keeping in view, that she had also contributed in negligence. Moreover, Ruth can only be allowed to claim compensation for two months as this was the period that she took to recover. Therefore Ruth cannot claim compensation for 12 months for which she had decided to stay home and do unpaid charity work. References Bob Hepple, (1997) Negligence: The Search for Coherence 50 Current Legal Problems 69 David Gardiner and Frances McGlone, (1998) Outline of Torts (2nd ed,), Butterworths Deakin, S., Johnston A and Markesinis B (2003) Markesinis and Deakin's Tort Law, Oxford University Press Kujinga, Benjamin (2009). "Reasonable Care And Skill The Modern Scope Of The Auditor's Duty". GAA Accounting McDonald, Barbara (2005). "Legislative Intervention in the Law of Negligence: The Common Law, Statutory Interpretation and Tort Reform in Australia". Sydney Law Review. 27 (3) Tomasic, Roman; Bottomley, Stephen; McQueen, Rob (2002) Audits and Auditors, Corporations Law in Australia, Federation Press

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Limit Television, Limit the Effects free essay sample

In order to doom a child, just involve the television. While television can be good in small, educational doses, the amount of time a child spends in front of the TV directly affects the performance in many important fields of a childs life. Academics, health, physical performance, character, and safety: they are all negatively affected by television. Through the learning process, children do what they see. Should they really be seeing what television offers? Americans have an obsession with television, and it has taken on a large role in the lives of children. Statistics show that 68% of 8 to 18 year olds have a TV, 54% have a DVD player, 37% have cable or satellite TV, and 20% have premium channels in their bedroom (Boyse). The question arises: is this healthy? How much time should children spend each day in front of the TV? The average American child watches 4 hours of television per day. Added up, thats 28 hours per week, 120 hours per month, and a whopping 1,460 hours per year. We will write a custom essay sample on Limit Television, Limit the Effects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thats nearly 400 more hours than the average public school student spends in classes in one year (Facts). Studies have shown that this excessive intake of television is detrimental to childrens health, academics, and behavior (Boyse). These effects can continue on into adulthood and become lifelong problems. The amount of time spent watching TV needs to be cut down to no more than 1 hour per day so that these effects can be greatly minimized. Television affects children in two ways: through the content viewed on the screen and through the activity of watching the shows. What is seen on the screen can become a role model for children. In the process of learning, children copy what they see, and if they spend much of their time watching television, they may begin to emulate what is shown to them. This has been known to increase aggressive behaviors in children (Facts). Since children spend so much time in front of the screen, it replaces time spent with doing healthy, positive activit ies. Children who spend more time watching television are less likely to develop interest in hobbies such as music and art, and they spend less quality time with their families. These negative effects are things that nobody should allow to have influencing their childs life. Instead, parents should take action and limit the time their children spend in front of the television to 1 hour per day. Family life is affected by television. All the time spent in front of a screen is time not quality family time. In the past it had been much more common for families to spend their dinnertimes sitting around the table talking about what is going on in their lives. Studies now show that in 63% of American households, the TV is usually on during dinner (Boyse). Parents have to work to snatch a moment of time with their teen children, but now the together time during a meal is given over to a colorful moving screen. This shows the growing rift that children and their parents are developing becau se of the role of television in their lives. TV has begun to replace the irreplaceably important concept of family time. While the average child spends about 4 hours each day watching television, he or she only spends 38.5 minutes per week in quality conversation with his or her parents. This reflects the changing priorities in todays families. Relationships have been replaced with time spent alone watching television. When asked, 54% of 4 to 6 year-olds actually said that they would rather watch TV than spend time with their fathers. There is an obvious problem when children do not value their parents or want to be with them. The replacement of parent-child relationships with television changes a childs development. Kids copy what they see, so some emulate their parents. However, when children watch how people act on TV more than how their parents behave, they will begin to copy what they see. In some childrens lives, television has taken on a role as a model for behavior. The beh avior children observe on so many shows, even on channels such as the Disney Channel, shows children talking back and disobeying their parents, as well as children trying to get away with mischief behind their parents backs. The children viewing the programs then often copy these behaviors seen on TV. By cutting back the time children spend watching TV and increasing the time they spend with their family, parents could better influence the values, habits, and actions of their children. One major influence of television upon kids is in their diet. Of the 20,000 commercials that the average child views during a year, food products and fast-food restaurants are the number one advertisement (Herr). These advertisements encourage bad eating habits, which can lead to obesity, a growing American epidemic. The number of cases of obesity among children 6 to 10 years old has more than doubled in the past 20 years. In 1980, only 6.5% of the children were severely overweight, compared to the 17 % seen in 2006 (Herr). Food advertisements often portray their food as healthy, and they sometimes give information regarding healthy eating. However, ads can be deceiving and dont always give completely true or balanced information about food choices. Children, though, tend to believe what they are told, even by advertisers, leading to an unrealistic view on a healthy diet (Boyse). Along with food advertisements, the activity of watching television raises the chance of children becoming overweight. Studies show that ones metabolism slows down even more when watching TV than when sitting still, doing nothing. The more television children watch, the fewer calories their bodies will burn. Even while reading a book or talking on the phone, a child will burn more calories (Boyse). Also, watching television ensures that a child is not exercising. With less time being spent outdoors running around and playing sports, children will be less physically fit and more likely to develop weight p roblems that can carry on into their adulthood (Boyse). Even though a child may watch a few hours of something educational like the Discovery or History channel, it is still television, meaning the time is spent inactively. The easiest way to reduce this inactivity, says Tufts University School of Medicines pediatrician and obesity expert William H. Deitz, [I]s to turn off the TV set. Almost anything else uses more energy than watching TV.'(Herr) Television can also take a large toll on childrens academics. Most children view around 20 hours of TV per week, and studies have shown that anything over 10 hours can negatively affect achievements in school (Facts). Though children may watch educational television programs, the fact remains that those programs are still TV, which can be detrimental to academics. As the presence of television has grown in childrens lives, the knowledge it provides has also made its presence known. While 75% of teens ages 13-17 know that the zip code 90210 can be found in Beverly Hills, only 25% can tell you that the US Constitution was written in Philadelphia (Facts). This shows the status television has taken on in teens lives in comparison to that of academic knowledge. Since so much time is spent in front of the television, other activities are put on the backburner. Less time is put aside for activities that are known to boost academics, such as reading, doing homework, working on hobbies, and sleeping (Boyse). Therefore, with less time spent in books, a toll is taken on reading comprehension, a skill that is crucial all throughout life. Several studies have even proven that by watching more television, a childs chances of dropping out of school are increased and chances of getting a college degree are decreased (Boyse). Television is filled with violence not only in adult shows, but also in cartoons, comedies, movies, and the news. It is estimated that by the time an average child finishes elementary school he or she will have seen 8,000 murders on TV, and by the time they reach the age of 18, they will have witnessed 200,000 acts of violence, 16,000 of which are murders (Facts). The bad guys arent the only ones solving problems with violence these days. The end justifies the means seems to be a rather popular slogan for superhero movies. Not too many people die and not too much blood is shed, but BAM! POW! fists sure do seem to solve a lot. When children see their favorite heroes saving the world through violence, these actins seem right, and violence stops being bad. (Scheibe) It is viewed as an acceptable way to solve problems and handle tough situations. Studies show that children who watch more TV are more likely to exhibit signs of aggression (Boyse). 73% of Americans even contend that television is responsible for juvenile crime (Facts). Acts of violence on TV have the greatest effect on children ages 8 and younger, because they have not yet developed a complete sense of what is fake versus what is reality (Boyse). To them, the monster from a movie might really be hiding under their bed. Scary scenes from movies are viewed as something that could easily happen to the child in real life. This can lead young children to believe that the world is a very cruel and scary place, causing sleep problems and a fear of leaving the house (Boyse). Even by watching the news, kids can be frightened that they could become a victim of violence or a natural disaster. In some cases, this has been known to lead to trauma or paranoia (Boyse). With television having so many harmful effects on childrens lives, parents need to take action. This everyday activity that Americans spend so much time doing hinders childrens learning and growing experiences. Shouldnt children get the full experience of the best years of their life instead of staying inside glued to a screen? Instead of allowing your children to spend 4 hours in front of the television, limit their viewing time to 1 hour per day and encou rage them to take up other hobbies such as sports, music, and reading. As the people with your childrens best interests in mind, you have the responsibility to raise them healthily, removing harmful activities, such as watching excessive television, from their way. Bibliography Boyse, Kyla. Television. University of Michigan Health System. May 2008. Association of Academic Health Centers. 8 Nov. 2008. . Facts and Figures about our TV Habit. Elgin College. 2000. 8 Nov. 2008. . Fox, Lauren. Carrigan, Laura. Poirier, Bernadette. Lynch, Danielle. Rowe, Jan. Vogrle, Laura. Effects of Television Viewing on Childrens Daily Activities. The Department of Occupational Therapy. 2004. The University of Alabama at Birmingham. 8 Nov. 2008. . Herr, Norman. Television Health. Internet Resources to Accompany The Resourcebook for Teaching Science. 2007. 8 Nov. 2008. . Scheibe, Cyndy. Television in the Lives of Children. CRETv. 8 Nov. 2008. .